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  What is diabetes - Dr. Manish Agarwal   BACK .....
     
 

Dr. Manish Agarwal
Diabetologist
Medilink Hospital

 
   Excess sugar in blood is called Diabetes
 
 Food we eat is converted to sugar.
 Blood takes the sugar to different body cells.
 At the same time, insulin is produced by the pancrease.
 Sugar & insulin meet at the cells.
 Insulin is the key to the cells – opens the lock and helps glucose enter the cells.
 Sugar enters cells and breaks down to give energy.

   
 
 Body cells cannot use sugar
 Sugar remains in the blood stream and slowly its level rises.

 
 
 Patient ‘s body extract water from the other cells to dilute the sugar and patient urinates frequently (Polyuria)
 Because patients body is losing more liquid substance, frequent thirst is common (Poly-dipsia- Thirst)
 Because body becomes incapable of using sugar from the food, the patient feels like eating again & again ( Polyphagia- Phage-eat)

Diabetes is not a communicable disease. Staying with other diabetic patients, eating together or having physical relation does not cause diabetes. It is not infectious like flu. In most cases it is hereditary and those with a history of this disease in the family are more prone to this disease. Obesity increases the chances, that’s why the following type of people should be careful & should get the blood sugar level checked regularly.
 
 People with a family history of Diabetes
 Obese people
 People above 40 years

 
 

Any normal person’s blood sugar level is between 70 to 115 mg/dl. The following chart shows the values of blood sugar in a normal individual and a diabetic.

   Empty stomach
Normal  <100 mg/dl <140 mg/dl
Pre-Diabetes  100-126 mg/dl 140-200 mg/dl
Diabetes >126 mg/dl >200 mg/dl


 
 
 Family history – Chances are more if both parents are diabetic
 Over weight
 Doing sedentary work
 Other reasons for diabetes


 Mental stress
 Medicines
 Pregnancy
 Chances increase with increasing age
 People having high consumption of fatty substance
 Women who have had frequent abortions or given birth to overweight baby

 
 
 Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
 Excessive urine production (polyuria)
 Excessive eating (polyphagia)
 Weakness
 Delayed healing of wound
 Itching wound in hands, feet and private parts.

 
 
1. Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (I.D.D.M.) or Type I Diabetes
2. Non Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (N.I.D.D.M.) or Type II Diabetes

 
 
Advice  No smoking 1 Point
 
           Normal weight
           Exercise 4 hr/week
           Diet
           Regular check up
1 Point
1 Point
1 Point
1 Point
Blood pressure BP <130/80 1 Point
Cholesterol Level is below 180 mg/dlLDL-C below 100 mg/dl 1 Point
Diabetes control HbA1C % <7.0% 1 Point
Eyes Checked annually 1 Point
Feet
Checked annually 1 Point
Guardian drugs If taking AspirinIf taking ACEIIf taking Statin 1 Point

 
 
9-10  Excellent Diabetes control
8  Very good Diabetes control
7  Normal Diabetes control
<6  Poor Diabetes control